Wood can be classified in different ways according to the criteria used. One of the most important is that of their properties, which depend on their structure, i.e. their texture.

The texture will depend on the mode of rapid growth, they will present wide growth rings and will be soft, while those of slow growth, the rings will be very narrow and the woods hard.

Depending on the way they grow, woods are divided into:

• Resinous woods: Slow-growing woods, they are typical of cold or temperate zones and have good workability and good mechanical strength. This type is the most used in carpentry and construction.

• Hardwoods: They are woods typical of temperate zones and within them we can differentiate three groups: hard, soft, and fine. Within the hardwoods we have: Oak, abarco, cedro achapo, arenillo, teak.

• Y dentro de las blandas tenemos:  el perillo, el marfil, y el chingalé.

This classification of hardwoods is those that come from deciduous trees, which lose and renew all their foliage once a year, such as oak.

Softwood corresponds to wood from evergreen trees, trees with green foliage and active throughout the year, whose old leaves do not fall before new ones have developed.

USE OF WOOD STRUCTURES

SAWN LUMBER

It consists of pieces of wood obtained from logs or other pieces of wood of larger dimensions, by removing sawdust or particles lengthwise, to obtain the required level of finish.

It is one of the most widely used products in the competitive position compared to other building materials on the market.

Currently, there is a wide range of native species with differentiating characteristics, high performance and high density that allow their use in multiple specifications within the construction industry.

The growing innovations and uses of structural wood in the construction industry and the intrinsic characteristics of this renewable material stimulate the rethinking of typical construction systems while favoring a more energy efficient and sustainable construction, since wood as a building material is a worldwide trend, thanks to the fact that the use of wood saves carbon emissions and thus reduces greenhouse gases (GHG), thus contributing to climate change and conservation of our planet.

SURFACES ARE CALLED:

• FACE: Any of the opposite longitudinal surfaces of greater width and length. If the section is square, any of them.
• EDGE: Either of the two narrower opposite longitudinal surfaces, it is the edge or side where the internal structure of the piece is visible.
• TESTA: End of a piece of wood, flat and perpendicular to its axis. It corresponds to the edges of the piece, in which the pore of the piece can be observed.

THE INSULATION OFFERED BY WOOD:

It has the following advantages:

-Good thermal and acoustic insulation.

-It is the material with the highest heat storage capacity and therefore achieves good thermal inertia.

-Humidity regulating action, providing a healthy environment and great longevity.

-No toxic gases in case of fire.

-It is a biodegradable material.

Structural timber is one of the most widely used products in a competitive position compared to other construction materials on the market. Currently, a wide range of wood-derived structural products and solutions are available, with differentiating characteristics: high performance and high density, which enables its use in multiple specifications. The growing innovations in the wood industry and the intrinsic characteristics of this material stimulate the rethinking of typical construction systems while favoring a more efficient and sustainable construction.

APPLICATIONS

Sawn timber is mainly used in structures with small (4 to 6 m) and medium (6 -17 m) spans, forming a complete structure or as part of it in mixed systems consisting of masonry walls in floors and timber decking. In light-framed systems, wood is used for the floor joists with spans that do not usually exceed 4.5 m, the studs of the framed walls and the reinforcement of the roof, which can span spans of 12 to 16 m. In these cases the section of the pieces has very reduced thicknesses (38-45 mm) and they are not visible because they are protected from fire by other materials.

DIMENSIONS:

-TABLAS: Pieces of small thickness mainly used in coatings.

-TABLONES: Pieces with a thickness of 2" mainly used in structures (floor joists, walls, trusses, partition walls, trusses, etc).

-SQUARED WOOD: These are pieces of great squareness, used as beams or pillars.